All about Pembroke Sheltie dog breed

All You Need to Know About the "Pembroke Sheltie" Breed (parent breeds: "Pembroke Welsh Corgi" × "Shetland Sheepdog")

The average weight for a Pembroke Sheltie is typically between 20-30 pounds. This delightful crossbreed generally falls into a medium-small healthy weight for Pembroke Sheltie range. Males tend to be slightly larger, weighing 22-30 pounds, while females usually range from 20-28 pounds. This provides a good indication of the Pembroke Sheltie average size for adult dogs.

Pembroke Sheltie Height: Unveiling the Average Size of This Adorable Mix!

• Gender: While not a drastic difference, male Pembroke Shelties may occasionally be on the slightly taller end of the spectrum compared to females. However, this is not a hard and fast rule, and individual genetics play a significant role.
• Individual Genetics: The specific genetic contributions from each parent can influence the puppy's eventual size. If one parent was at the taller end of its breed standard, their offspring might also lean that way. Conversely, if both parents were on the smaller side, their Pembroke Sheltie pups might be a bit more compact.
• Parental Dominance: The influence of the Shetland Sheepdog (Sheltie) side, which is generally taller than the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, can sometimes lead to a slightly taller Sheltie mix. However, the Corgi's shorter stature also frequently contributes to a more moderate overall height.

The Pembroke Sheltie colors are a diverse blend inherited from its parent breeds, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and Shetland Sheepdog. Common and AKC recognized Pembroke Sheltie colors often include sable (ranging from golden to dark mahogany, sometimes with white markings), tricolor (black, white, and tan), and bi-color (typically black and white or sable and white). You may also see variations of red and white or fawn and white.For those interested in rare coat types and exotic Pembroke Sheltie variations, blue merle is a striking pattern, often seen in Shetland Sheepdogs, and can appear in Pembroke Shelties. However, merle is generally not accepted by major kennel clubs like the AKC for Pembroke Welsh Corgis, and its presence in a Pembroke Sheltie might indicate a less traditional breeding line. Other very rare or less desirable colors that might occasionally pop up due to recessive genes include blue (a dilute black), dilute sable, or even chocolate (brown) though these are not standard and often come with health considerations. When considering a Pembroke Sheltie, especially with rare coat types, always inquire about the lineage and breeder's practices. Pricing for puppies with standard colors is generally consistent, while exotic Pembroke Sheltie variations might command higher prices due to their rarity, though buyers should research health implications associated with certain dilute or merle genes.

The Pembroke Sheltie is a delightful hybrid, blending the best traits of its Pembroke Welsh Corgi and Shetland Sheepdog parents. Known for its charming and intelligent personality, this breed is generally friendly and sociable, eager to be a part of family activities. You can expect a loyal companion that forms strong bonds with its owners.Regarding its temperament, the Pembroke Sheltie is often described as playful yet gentle, making it a wonderful family pet. They are typically good with children, especially when properly socialized from a young age, displaying patience and a willingness to engage in play. Their herding instincts may lead to gentle "nipping" at heels during play, which can be managed with training.This adaptable breed can be suitable for apartment living provided they receive adequate daily exercise, which includes walks and playtime. They are generally sociable with other pets, particularly if introduced early and carefully, often enjoying the company of other dogs. However, their herding heritage might mean they'll try to "herd" smaller animals, so supervision is key.Overall, the Pembroke Sheltie personality is one of an affectionate, intelligent, and energetic companion who thrives on human interaction and consistent training. They are eager to please and respond well to positive reinforcement, making them a joy to train for various activities.

The Pembroke Sheltie temperament is a delightful blend of its parent breeds, making for an intelligent, affectionate, and lively companion dog. Generally friendly and sociable, they bond deeply with their families, displaying strong loyalty. They are often good with children, especially when socialized early, showing patience and a playful nature. Their interactions with other pets are usually harmonious, particularly if introduced properly.Pembroke Shelties are highly adaptable and, despite their energy, can surprisingly thrive in apartment living given sufficient daily exercise and mental stimulation. They are eager to please, which aids in training, but may inherit a touch of the Corgi's stubbornness or the Sheltie's sensitivity to harsh correction, so positive reinforcement is key. They thrive on being part of the family's activities and are known for their intelligent and watchful demeanor, often alerting their owners to strangers. This breed embodies a loving and engaging personality traits package, making them wonderful additions to active homes.

Pembroke Sheltie Care: Daily Maintenance & Health TipsThe Pembroke Sheltie, a delightful cross between a Pembroke Welsh Corgi and a Shetland Sheepdog, requires moderate care to thrive. Understanding their specific needs is key to a happy, healthy companion.Grooming Needs: Expect moderate to high grooming. Their dense double coat, inherited from both parents, sheds year-round, with heavier seasonal shedding. Brush your Pembroke Sheltie several times a week, ideally daily during shedding seasons, to prevent mats and reduce loose fur. Occasional professional grooming for a trim can be beneficial, especially around the "feathering" on their legs and belly. Regular nail trims are essential to prevent discomfort and splaying of the paws.Exercise Limitations: While often described as "low-energy" compared to some herding breeds, Pembroke Shelties are intelligent and need daily mental and physical stimulation. Aim for 30-60 minutes of moderate exercise daily, which can include brisk walks, playtime in a secure yard, or engaging in canine sports like obedience or agility. Avoid strenuous, prolonged exercise, especially in warm weather, due to their potential for brachycephalic tendencies (short snout). Over-exercising can lead to respiratory distress.Dietary Considerations: A high-quality, age-appropriate dog food is crucial for your Pembroke Sheltie's health. Given their propensity for weight gain, especially from the Corgi side, weight management is a primary concern. Follow feeding guidelines on your chosen food and adjust based on activity level and individual metabolism. Avoid free-feeding and limit treats. Consult your veterinarian for personalized dietary advice.Wrinkle and Ear Cleaning: Depending on the individual's facial structure, your Pembroke Sheltie may inherit some of the Corgi's facial wrinkles. These wrinkles require regular cleaning to prevent skin infections and irritation. Use a soft, damp cloth to gently clean inside the folds daily or as needed. Their ears, often semi-erect or tipped, should be checked weekly for redness, odor, or excessive wax buildup. Clean with a veterinarian-approved ear cleaner as needed.Climate Sensitivity (Brachycephalic Anatomy): Due to the potential for brachycephalic traits (a shorter snout), Pembroke Shelties can be sensitive to extreme temperatures, particularly heat. Their ability to pant and cool themselves effectively may be compromised. Avoid vigorous exercise during the hottest parts of the day, provide ample shade and fresh water, and never leave them unattended in a car. Monitor for signs of overheating such as excessive panting, lethargy, or drooling.Common Health Concerns: Be aware of potential skin issues due to their dense coat and potential wrinkles. Regular grooming and proper hygiene can help prevent these. Dental care is paramount; daily brushing with canine toothpaste is recommended to prevent plaque buildup, gum disease, and tooth loss. As mentioned, weight management is critical to prevent joint problems, diabetes, and other obesity-related illnesses. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for early detection and management of any health concerns.How to care for a Pembroke Sheltie involves a consistent routine of grooming, appropriate exercise, a balanced diet, and vigilant health monitoring. With these Pembroke Sheltie care tips, you'll ensure your furry friend lives a long, happy life.

The Pembroke Sheltie activity level is moderate, blending the spirited nature of the Corgi with the Sheltie's eagerness to work. These intelligent hybrids typically enjoy short bursts of energetic play followed by periods of rest. They aren't hyperactive but do require daily exercise needs to stay happy and healthy. Expect 30-60 minutes of activity, which can include brisk walks, playtime in a securely fenced yard, or engaging in canine sports like obedience or agility. They are generally keen on interactive playtime, enjoying games of fetch or puzzle toys that stimulate their minds.

I would rate the "Size" trait of the "Pembroke Sheltie" a 4 out of 10.This rating reflects that the Pembroke Sheltie is a small to medium-sized dog, leaning more towards the smaller end of that spectrum. They are generally larger than a purebred Pembroke Welsh Corgi but smaller than a typical Shetland Sheepdog. Their average height would likely fall between 12 to 15 inches at the shoulder, and their weight would probably range from 20 to 30 pounds, depending on which parent breed's genes are more dominant. They possess a sturdy, somewhat elongated body structure inherited from both parents, but without the extreme low-rider build of a Corgi or the more delicate frame of some Shelties. They are best suited for apartment living due to their manageable size, and their portability makes them good companions for travel. Their dimensions are well-suited for households with space constraints, as they don't require a large footprint to be comfortable and happy.

I would rate the grooming requirements of a Pembroke Sheltie a 7 out of 10.This hybrid breed inherits a double coat from both parents, meaning they are moderate to high-shedders year-round, with seasonal "blows" that intensify shedding. While not as long or flowing as some purebred Shetland Sheepdogs, the coat will still require regular brushing, typically 3-4 times a week, to prevent mats and control loose hair. This frequency will increase during shedding seasons to daily brushing. While they don't generally have significant skin folds requiring specialized care, their ears should be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent infections due to their semi-erect or dropped nature. Nail trims are essential every few weeks, as with most dogs, and bathing will be needed periodically, usually every 4-6 weeks, or more if they get particularly dirty, using a shampoo appropriate for double coats. They can be prone to the skin allergies seen in both parent breeds, which may necessitate specialized shampoos or more frequent bathing if a flare-up occurs. Compared to many companion dogs, they require consistent and somewhat frequent grooming to maintain a healthy coat and skin, placing them on the higher end of the maintenance spectrum.

I would rate the Pembroke Sheltie's exercise requirements at a 7.This hybrid inherits moderate to high energy levels from both parent breeds, leaning more towards the active Shetland Sheepdog. While not as demanding as a Border Collie, they are far from couch potatoes. Daily activity recommendations would include at least 45-60 minutes of structured exercise, such as brisk walks, jogging, or a good run in a secure area. Their intelligence and heritage as herding dogs mean they thrive on mental stimulation alongside physical activity, making activities like agility, obedience training, and interactive play (fetch, flirt pole) excellent choices. They generally have good tolerance for sustained movement, though owners should be mindful of temperature during more vigorous exercise due to their double coat. Respiratory limitations are typically not a significant concern as neither parent breed is brachycephalic. Without adequate exercise and mental engagement, a Pembroke Sheltie can become bored, leading to undesirable behaviors like excessive barking, digging, or destructive chewing. They definitely require structured routines to stay healthy and mentally stimulated, and thrive when given a job or consistent outlet for their energy.

I would rate the Pembroke Sheltie's watchdog ability as a 7.This breed, being a mix of the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Shetland Sheepdog, inherits a good degree of alertness and vocal nature from both parents. Corgis are known for their "big dog in a small body" attitude and tend to bark at anything out of the ordinary, while Shelties are classic herding dogs with keen senses and a strong desire to alert their human "flock" to perceived threats. Therefore, a Pembroke Sheltie will likely be very quick to notice unfamiliar sounds or people approaching the home and will almost certainly use barking to signal this. They have moderate territorial instincts, enough to make them protective of their home and family. While they might not be physically intimidating enough to deter a determined human intruder, their consistent and often persistent barking would provide meaningful early warnings, making them excellent "doorbells" and alarm systems for the household. They are definitely more capable of providing meaningful early warnings than being purely passive companions, though their size means their deterrent factor is primarily vocal rather than physical.

I'd rate the "Good with Other Dogs" trait of the Pembroke Sheltie a 7 out of 10.Pembroke Shelties generally inherit a good disposition towards other dogs from both parent breeds. The Shetland Sheepdog is known for being quite gentle and often happy in the company of other canines, while the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, though sometimes prone to a bit of bossiness or herding behavior, is typically not aggressive and can be very social.This hybrid is likely to be quite adaptable in multi-dog households, especially with proper socialization from a young age. They'll generally be friendly with unfamiliar dogs and can get along with various sizes and energy levels, though their herding instincts might lead them to try and "organize" smaller or more boisterous dogs. They are not typically prone to aggression, but like any intelligent breed, they can develop dominant tendencies if not properly trained and socialized. While they don't usually require highly careful introductions, ensuring positive early experiences with diverse canine companions will help them thrive in canine company and coexist peacefully. They're generally good-natured and enjoy the companionship, but a lack of socialization could lead to some shyness or an overly boisterous greeting style rather than true incompatibility.

I would rate the "Energetic" trait of the "Pembroke Sheltie" at a 7 out of 10.This rating reflects the blend of its parent breeds. The Shetland Sheepdog contributes a significant amount of energy, being a herding breed known for its intelligence, agility, and need for mental and physical stimulation. They are naturally active and enjoy participating in various dog sports and outdoor adventures. The Pembroke Welsh Corgi, while also a herding breed, tends to have a slightly less intense and more adaptable energy level than the Sheltie. Corgis are playful and enjoy activity but can also be content with periods of rest.Therefore, the Pembroke Sheltie will typically be a moderately to highly energetic dog. They are not as relentlessly energetic as some extreme working breeds, but they are far from laid-back. They will require regular daily exercise, including walks, playtime, and possibly some structured activities to keep them stimulated. Their playfulness will be high, and they will generally have good endurance for most typical companion dog activities.Regarding brachycephalic anatomy, it's important to note that neither the Pembroke Welsh Corgi nor the Shetland Sheepdog are considered brachycephalic breeds. Both have elongated muzzles, meaning their anatomy does *not* typically affect their stamina or exercise tolerance negatively due to respiratory issues associated with brachycephaly. This allows the Pembroke Sheltie to fully express its energetic potential without the same concerns that might arise in breeds like Pugs or Bulldogs. They are well-suited for active lifestyles and can easily participate in various outdoor or athletic activities, provided they are not over-exercised in extreme heat, like any dog.

I would rate the Pembroke Sheltie's training requirements a 6 out of 10.This rating reflects a breed that is generally intelligent and eager to please, inheriting the Corgi's biddability and the Sheltie's sharp mind. They are typically responsive to commands and excel with positive reinforcement, making them quite trainable for owners willing to put in the effort. However, they can also inherit the Corgi's occasional stubborn streak and the Sheltie's sensitivity, meaning inconsistency or harsh methods will be counterproductive. Their attention span is generally good, especially when engaged, but boredom can lead to mischievousness. They require a good degree of consistency in training and clear, firm (but gentle) leadership. While not overly demanding for an experienced dog owner, they might be moderately challenging for a complete beginner who isn't prepared for consistent training, socialization, and mental stimulation. They thrive with structured routines and benefit from ongoing mental enrichment to prevent boredom-related behaviors, making them more suitable for owners who enjoy an active role in their dog's development rather than a completely hands-off approach.

I'd rate the Playful trait of the Pembroke Sheltie an 8 out of 10.Pembroke Shelties are a wonderfully engaging and spirited breed. They inherit a love for activity and interaction from both parent breeds. Owners can expect a dog that genuinely enjoys games, whether it's chasing a ball, playing tug-of-war, or engaging in more structured training activities. Their herding instincts often translate into a keen interest in "rounding up" toys or even family members, making playtime an enthusiastic affair. They are quite responsive to toys and readily initiate play, often bringing their favorite items to solicit attention. While not as relentlessly energetic as some terrier breeds, their enthusiasm for daily life is very high, and they thrive on being part of family activities. They are more naturally spirited than laid-back, always up for an adventure or a good romp, making them excellent companions for those who enjoy an interactive and fun-loving dog.

Rating: 9Explanation: The Pembroke Sheltie, a mix of the affectionate Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the devoted Shetland Sheepdog, inherits a strong desire for human companionship and a deeply loving nature. Both parent breeds are known for their loyalty and tendency to bond closely with their families. The Pembroke Sheltie will likely thrive on affection, seeking physical closeness through cuddling and lap-sitting, and often following their favorite people from room to room. They are sensitive to owner emotions and eager to please, making them highly responsive to their family's needs for comfort and companionship. While not typically overly clingy, their independent streak is minimal, preferring to be an active participant in family life rather than a distant observer.

Rating: 8/10The Pembroke Sheltie, a mix of the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and Shetland Sheepdog, generally rates quite high for "Good with Other Pets." Both parent breeds are known for their intelligence and trainability, which significantly contributes to their adaptability in multi-pet households. Shetland Sheepdogs are historically herding dogs and often display a natural inclination to "herd" other animals, which, while sometimes manifesting as playful nipping at heels, is rarely aggressive. They are typically very sociable with other dogs. Corgis, while sometimes having a more assertive personality, are also generally good with other canines, especially when properly socialized.The prey drive in both breeds is typically moderate. While a Sheltie might chase a squirrel or a cat if not trained, this is often more a game than a serious hunting instinct, and they can learn to coexist peacefully with cats, especially if introduced early and raised together. Resource guarding is a possibility in any breed, but it's not a defining characteristic of either parent breed and can be mitigated with consistent training and proper management.Socialization is key, as with any dog. Early exposure to various animals and positive reinforcement for calm and friendly interactions will solidify their good nature. They are generally naturally sociable, but training and supervision are still important, particularly during initial introductions or if there's a significant size or temperament difference between pets. With appropriate guidance, the Pembroke Sheltie is highly adaptable and can thrive in a multi-pet environment, making them an excellent choice for families with existing animal companions.

I would rate the "Good with Children" trait of the Pembroke Sheltie a solid 8 out of 10. This hybrid generally inherits a wonderful blend of characteristics from its parent breeds that make it quite suitable for families with children. Both the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Shetland Sheepdog are known for being intelligent, affectionate, and eager to please, qualities that translate well into a child-friendly companion.Pembroke Shelties typically exhibit a playful and energetic nature, enjoying active games with older children, while also possessing a gentle demeanor that makes them patient with younger ones. They tend to be quite tolerant of the usual noise and bustle that comes with a lively household and are generally accepting of handling, provided it's done respectfully. Their herding instincts, inherited from both parents, can sometimes manifest as a playful "nipping" or circling, especially with very young children, but this is usually easily redirected with early training and supervision. They are naturally affectionate and form strong bonds with their family members, including children. While their inherent intelligence makes them receptive to training, which is always beneficial for any dog in a family setting, a Pembroke Sheltie is often naturally gentle and requires less intensive work to thrive in a child-filled home compared to some other breeds. Supervision is always recommended, particularly with very young children and any dog, but with a Pembroke Sheltie, it's more about ensuring respectful interaction rather than constant vigilance against aggression.

I'd rate the "Good with Strangers" trait of the Pembroke Sheltie a 7 out of 10.Pembroke Shelties, inheriting traits from both the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Shetland Sheepdog, are generally friendly and can be quite outgoing, but with a slight initial reservation that prevents them from being a perfect 10. They are typically well-mannered around unfamiliar adults, often approaching for a sniff or a gentle greeting once they've assessed the situation. Their Sheltie lineage provides a degree of natural watchfulness, meaning they're not usually indiscriminately friendly with everyone they meet right off the bat, and might offer a bark to alert their family to a new presence. However, this is more an alert than an aggressive or unfriendly display. With proper early socialization, which is crucial for this intelligent and sensitive breed, they adapt very well to public or guest-filled environments, quickly becoming comfortable and even seeking attention. They are not naturally shy or aggressive, but rather have a pleasant disposition that benefits from consistent exposure to diverse people and situations to fully blossom into their sociable potential.

Rating: 7/10The "Pembroke Sheltie" would likely have a good, but not exceptional, tolerance for winter. Both parent breeds, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Shetland Sheepdog, possess double coats that provide significant insulation against the cold. This thick undercoat, inherited from the Sheltie, would be particularly beneficial. While Corgis are fairly stocky, the Sheltie introduces a leaner build, but both breeds are generally well-muscled. Their size, being medium to small, means they lose heat more quickly than larger breeds, but their robust coats largely mitigate this. Neither parent breed is truly brachycephalic, so breathing in cold air isn't a significant concern. They would be able to safely enjoy outdoor activities in cold climates for reasonable periods, provided they are actively moving. Compared to other companion dogs, they might require slightly less special care than very short-coated or toy breeds, but more than northern breeds like Huskies. They would still benefit from monitoring during extreme cold, and shorter outings during such times, perhaps with a coat if prolonged exposure is planned or they are simply standing around. They are not built for sustained periods in sub-zero temperatures without a warm place to retreat to, and like all dogs, their paw pads would need protection from ice and salt.

I'm unable to provide a rating for the "Pembroke Sheltie" breed's summer tolerance. This is because the "Pembroke Sheltie" is a mixed breed, not a recognized purebred. Mixed breeds inherit traits from both parent breeds in varying degrees, making it impossible to predict their specific characteristics like heat tolerance with certainty. A Pembroke Sheltie could lean more towards the Corgi's build and coat, or more towards the Sheltie's, or be a blend of both, making generalizations unreliable. For the parent breeds themselves:* Pembroke Welsh Corgi: Would likely rate around a 4-5. Their short legs combined with a dense double coat make them susceptible to overheating, especially in humid conditions. While not brachycephalic, their close-to-the-ground posture means they absorb more radiant heat from hot surfaces. They require careful monitoring and limited outdoor activity during peak heat.* Shetland Sheepdog: Would likely rate around a 3-4. They possess a very dense double coat, originally bred for colder climates. While not brachycephalic, their thick insulation makes them highly prone to overheating in warm weather. Strenuous exercise in summer is strongly discouraged, and they need constant access to shade, water, and often require indoor air conditioning.Therefore, a "Pembroke Sheltie" would likely fall somewhere in the lower-to-mid range, probably between 3 and 5, depending on which parent's traits are more dominant in the individual dog. It would almost certainly require special care in summer months, including restricted outdoor activity during hot parts of the day, ample shade and water, and likely air-conditioned indoor environments, more so than many short-coated or more heat-tolerant companion dog breeds. Owners would need to be vigilant for signs of overheating, as their dense coats and potential for lower-to-the-ground stature (from the Corgi) would put them at increased risk.

I would rate the "Healthiness" trait of the "Pembroke Sheltie" at a 7 out of 10. This hybrid breed benefits from the genetic diversity of its parent breeds, often leading to what's known as "hybrid vigor," which can reduce the incidence of some single-breed specific health issues. However, they are still susceptible to conditions seen in both Pembroke Welsh Corgis and Shetland Sheepdogs.From the Corgi side, there's a predisposition to back problems (Intervertebral Disc Disease, or IVDD) due to their long backs and short legs, as well as hip and elbow dysplasia and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA). From the Sheltie side, concerns include Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), hip dysplasia, and certain heart conditions. Responsible breeding practices, including genetic testing of parent dogs, are crucial to minimize the risk of these inheritable diseases. Their life expectancy typically falls within the 12-15 year range, which is quite good for a medium-sized dog.While not considered exceptionally high-maintenance in terms of health compared to some brachycephalic breeds or giant breeds, owners should be mindful of their potential for back issues, especially preventing obesity and discouraging jumping from heights. Regular vet check-ups, a balanced diet, and appropriate exercise are key to their well-being. Overall, the Pembroke Sheltie is generally a robust companion dog, but not entirely without its potential health considerations.

I would rate the "Protective" trait of the Pembroke Sheltie a 7 out of 10.This breed inherits a strong sense of alertness and territorial awareness from both parent breeds. Shetland Sheepdogs are known for their vigilant nature and tendency to bark at anything they perceive as unusual, a trait often passed to their offspring. Pembroke Welsh Corgis, while not typically aggressive, are also quite watchful and will alert their owners to new arrivals. The Pembroke Sheltie is extremely loyal to its family and will form a strong bond, making it naturally inclined to "protect" its people and home. They are quick to react to strangers approaching the property with barking and will maintain a watchful stance. While they are not likely to be physically aggressive in a truly threatening situation, their persistent barking and wary demeanor make them excellent watchdogs, effectively announcing any perceived intrusion. They are more of a companion dog with strong watchdog capabilities, rather than a guard dog capable of offering meaningful physical protection against a serious threat. Their protective instinct manifests primarily through their vocal alerts and vigilant observation, making them a good deterrent and an excellent alarm system for a household.

I would rate the "Life Span" trait of the "Pembroke Sheltie" at a 7. This is because both parent breeds, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Shetland Sheepdog, generally have a good average lifespan, often ranging from 12 to 15 years. While hybrid vigor can sometimes contribute to a slightly longer life, the Pembroke Sheltie is considered to have an average to slightly above-average lifespan compared to other companion dogs. They are not typically predisposed to an exceptionally short life, but like all breeds, they can inherit some health concerns from their parent breeds, such as back problems from the Corgi or certain eye conditions from the Sheltie, which could potentially impact their longevity if not managed. Responsible breeding practices and attentive care, including a healthy diet and regular vet check-ups, play a significant role in helping them reach their full life expectancy.