All about Pekehund dog breed

All You Need to Know About the "Pekehund" Breed (parent breeds: "Dachshund" × "Pekingese")

The average Pekehund weight for adults typically ranges from 10 to 25 pounds. As a crossbreed of the Dachshund and Pekingese, their healthy weight for Pekehund can vary. Males often fall into the higher end of this range, while females may be slightly lighter, but there's considerable overlap. Individual Pekehund size is influenced by which parent breed's genetics are more dominant.

Pekehund Height: How Tall Is a Pekehund?

• Parental Genetics: The size of the specific Dachshund and Pekingese parents will play a significant role. If the parents were on the larger or smaller end of their respective breed standards, their Pekehund offspring may reflect that.
• Gender: Generally, male Pekehunds may be slightly taller and heavier than females, though this difference is often minimal within this breed's size range.
• Individual Variation: Even within the same litter, some puppies might mature a little taller or shorter than their siblings due to unique genetic combinations.

Pekehund colors are diverse, reflecting their Dachshund and Pekingese heritage. Common and officially recognized colors include black and tan, red, cream, white, sable, brindle, and various shades of fawn. These are generally accepted and sought after. Some Pekehunds may also exhibit solid black or solid chocolate coats.

Pekehund Personality & TemperamentThe Pekehund, a charming blend of Dachshund and Pekingese, typically inherits a delightful mix of traits, resulting in a loyal and affectionate companion. Known for their friendly disposition, Pekehunds often bond deeply with their families, displaying unwavering devotion. They are generally quite sociable and enjoy being at the center of attention, thriving on human interaction.Their size and adaptable nature make them an excellent choice for apartment living, provided they receive adequate daily exercise and mental stimulation. While they can have a playful side, they also appreciate cozy snuggles on the couch.When it comes to children, a well-socialized Pekehund can be a wonderful family pet. It's important for children to be taught how to interact gently and respectfully with any dog. With other pets, especially if introduced early and properly, Pekehunds can usually coexist peacefully, though their individual personalities will vary. Expect a dog with a spirited yet loving heart, ready to offer years of companionship.

The Pekehund temperament blends the playful, affectionate nature of the Dachshund with the bold, devoted spirit of the Pekingese. This companion dog behavior typically results in a charming, loving, and relatively laid-back canine. Pekehunds are generally friendly and very sociable with their human family, often forming strong, loyal bonds. They thrive on companionship and enjoy being involved in household activities. Their smaller size and moderate exercise needs make them highly adaptable to apartment living, provided they receive daily walks and playtime.Regarding behavior with children and other pets, Pekehunds can do well, especially if raised with them. However, their Dachshund lineage might give them a protective streak, and their Pekingese side can lead to a preference for gentle handling. Supervision is always recommended with young children to ensure respectful interactions. They can be amenable to living with other calm pets.A common personality trait is a degree of stubbornness, inherited from both parent breeds, which means consistent, positive reinforcement training is essential. They can also be a bit sensitive to harsh corrections. Early socialization is key to nurturing a well-adjusted and confident Pekehund. Overall, expect a loving, attentive, and sometimes amusingly opinionated furry family member.

Pekehund Care: Your Guide to a Happy, Healthy CompanionPekehund care involves understanding the unique needs inherited from their Dachshund and Pekingese parents. This charming hybrid generally requires moderate daily maintenance.Grooming Needs: Expect regular brushing, at least 2-3 times a week, to prevent matting and reduce shedding, especially if their coat is on the longer, Pekingese side. Occasional professional grooming may be beneficial for trimming and de-shedding.Exercise Limitations: Pekehunds are typically a low-energy dog breed. Short, daily walks (20-30 minutes) and indoor playtime are usually sufficient to meet their exercise needs. Avoid strenuous activity, especially in warm weather, due to their potential brachycephalic anatomy.Dietary Considerations: Feed a high-quality dog food appropriate for their age, size, and activity level. Monitor portion sizes closely to prevent obesity, as both parent breeds can be prone to weight gain. Consult your vet for personalized dietary recommendations.Wrinkle and Ear Cleaning: If your Pekehund has facial wrinkles, regular cleaning with a damp cloth is crucial to prevent skin irritation and infection. Their ears should also be checked weekly and cleaned as needed to prevent ear infections.Climate Sensitivity: Due to their potential brachycephalic (short-nosed) anatomy, Pekehunds are sensitive to heat and humidity. Keep them cool in warm weather, avoid outdoor exercise during peak heat, and always provide fresh water. They may also benefit from a sweater in colder climates if their coat is thinner.Common Health Concerns & Health Tips for Pekehund:* Skin Issues: Regular grooming and wrinkle cleaning help prevent skin fold dermatitis.* Dental Care: Daily teeth brushing or dental chews are important to prevent periodontal disease, common in smaller breeds.* Weight Management: Strict portion control and regular, appropriate exercise are key to preventing obesity, which can exacerbate other health issues.* Be vigilant for signs of respiratory distress, especially in warm weather. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for early detection and management of potential health issues common to Dachshunds and Pekingese, such as back problems, patellar luxation, and eye conditions.How to care for a Pekehund involves consistent attention to grooming, appropriate exercise, a balanced diet, and proactive health management. With proper Pekehund care, you'll enjoy a loyal and affectionate companion for years to come.

Pekehund Activity Level: A Balanced Approach to ExerciseThe Pekehund activity level is generally low to moderate, perfectly blending the gentle nature of the Pekingese with the moderate energy of the Dachshund. They are not high-octane dogs and are well-suited for households seeking a companion who enjoys both relaxing and short bursts of playful activity.Typical Energy Levels & Daily Exercise Needs:Pekehund typically exhibit a moderate energy level, balancing periods of lively engagement with long stretches of rest. Expect your Pekehund to enjoy a couple of short, leisurely walks daily – around 15-20 minutes each is usually sufficient. These walks serve both as exercise and mental stimulation. Beyond structured walks, indoor playtime and a fenced yard (if available) for supervised sniffing and short trots are greatly appreciated. They are not built for long-distance running or intense agility training.Playtime Preferences:These charming dogs enjoy interactive playtime that isn't overly strenuous. Think squeaky toys, gentle tug-of-war, and short games of fetch in the living room. Puzzle toys can also provide excellent mental enrichment without requiring excessive physical exertion. They often enjoy snuggling on the couch just as much as a quick play session.Limitations Due to Brachycephalic Anatomy:It's crucial to understand the Pekehund's brachycephalic (short-nosed) anatomy. This characteristic, inherited from the Pekingese, means they are susceptible to overheating and breathing difficulties, especially in warm weather or during strenuous activity. Always avoid exercising your Pekehund during the hottest parts of the day and watch for any signs of labored breathing, panting, or lethargy. Keep exercise sessions short and ensure access to fresh water. Never push them beyond their comfort zone.Suitable Households:How active are Pekehund? They are a fantastic fit for low-energy households, seniors, or individuals living in apartments who can provide consistent, moderate exercise. While they enjoy interaction, they are not suitable for active families seeking a jogging partner or a dog for intense outdoor adventures. They thrive on companionship and thrive when their human companions are present, even if just for quiet cuddle time. Their balanced approach to Pekehund exercise needs makes them a delightful and adaptable companion for many.

I would rate the "Size" trait of the Pekehund at a 3.This rating is based on the parent breeds, the Dachshund and the Pekingese, both of which are decidedly small dogs. A Pekehund typically inherits a compact and low-slung body structure, with an average weight likely ranging from 8 to 15 pounds and a height under 12 inches. They are significantly smaller than medium-sized breeds like Beagles and considerably daintier than larger companions such as Labrador Retrievers. This makes the Pekehund an excellent candidate for apartment living, travel, and households with limited space, as they don't require vast areas to move around and are easily transportable.

I'd rate the Pekehund's grooming requirements at a 7.This breed is moderately high-maintenance, not quite an "extremely high-maintenance" 10, but certainly not a "low-maintenance" 1 or 2. The primary reason for this rating lies in the likely coat type. Both parent breeds, the Dachshund and Pekingese, can have a range of coat types, but the Pekingese influence often brings a longer, denser, and sometimes double coat, while Dachshunds can be smooth, longhaired, or wirehaired. A Pekehund is likely to inherit at least some of the Pekingese's longer hair, possibly with a double coat, which will require regular brushing to prevent matting and tangles. Shedding frequency can vary but is generally moderate to significant, especially if a double coat is present.Beyond the coat, both parent breeds can be prone to specific needs. Pekingese are known for their brachycephalic (short-nosed) features, which can lead to skin folds around the face that need to be kept clean and dry to prevent irritation and infection. While a Pekehund might have a less extreme snout, some degree of this care might still be necessary. Both breeds can also be susceptible to ear infections if their ears aren't cleaned regularly, particularly if they have floppy ears inherited from the Dachshund. Nail trimming will be a standard weekly or bi-weekly requirement, as with most dogs. Bathing needs will be moderate, likely every 4-6 weeks or as needed, but special attention might be needed for drying the dense coat thoroughly. While not universally true, some small breeds, including the parent breeds, can have sensitivities that manifest as skin issues or allergies, which would increase grooming needs.Overall, the Pekehund requires frequent and attentive grooming, including daily or every-other-day brushing, regular cleaning of potential facial folds, consistent ear care, and routine nail trims, making it more demanding than many other companion dogs.

I'd rate the Pekehund's exercise requirements at a 4 out of 10. While not a complete couch potato, the Pekehund benefits from the more moderate energy levels of both its parent breeds, the Dachshund and Pekingese. Daily walks of 20-30 minutes, combined with indoor playtime, are typically sufficient to keep them healthy and mentally stimulated. Their brachycephalic (short-nosed) anatomy, inherited from the Pekingese, means they are not suited for strenuous exercise or prolonged activity, especially in warm weather, as they can easily overheat and experience respiratory distress. They thrive on consistent, gentle activity rather than intense, structured routines, and would be content with a relaxed pace and plenty of opportunities for sniffing and exploring during walks, along with engaging playtime indoors.

I'd rate the Pekehund's watchdog ability at a 7 out of 10.The Pekehund inherits strong watchdog instincts from both its parent breeds. The Dachshund is well-known for its alertness and surprisingly loud, persistent bark, often acting as a "big dog" in a small package when it comes to territory. The Pekingese, while perhaps more dignified, is also historically a palace guard dog, possessing a keen awareness of its surroundings and a tendency to bark at perceived threats or strangers. This combination results in a dog that is highly alert to new sounds and people, and not at all shy about vocalizing its concerns. They are likely to bark readily at unfamiliar noises outside, visitors at the door, or anything they deem out of place in their environment. Their territorial instincts will be present, making them inclined to alert their owners to anything that might be encroaching on their space. While their small size means they aren't physically capable of deterring a determined intruder, their loud and persistent barking serves as an excellent early warning system, making them quite effective at notifying their household of potential issues long before a passive companion dog would. They are definitely more capable of providing meaningful early warnings than being a silent, passive presence.

I would rate the "Good with Other Dogs" trait of the Pekehund a 6 out of 10.Pekehunds inherit a blend of traits from their Dachshund and Pekingese parents, which can make their dog-friendliness somewhat variable. Dachshunds, while often friendly, can possess a strong prey drive and a tendency towards bossiness or stubbornness, which may manifest as intolerance towards other dogs, especially if not well-socialized. Pekingese, on the other hand, are known for their independent and sometimes regal demeanor; they can be quite aloof and may not always appreciate the boisterousness of other dogs, sometimes displaying a "big dog in a small body" attitude that can lead to snappiness if they feel threatened or annoyed. Therefore, a Pekehund is unlikely to be inherently extremely sociable and dog-friendly (a 10). They are also unlikely to be highly incompatible (a 1) as neither parent breed is typically aggressive without significant environmental factors.A Pekehund with proper, early, and ongoing socialization has a good chance of coexisting peacefully with other dogs, often enjoying canine company, especially if introduced thoughtfully. However, they may require careful introductions, particularly with dogs of vastly different sizes or energy levels, as their small stature can make them vulnerable, and their potential for stubbornness or aloofness might lead to friction if boundaries aren't respected. There's a moderate potential for them to exhibit dominance or territoriality, particularly if they feel their space or resources are being challenged. While they can adapt to multi-dog households, it's crucial that they receive individual attention and that their interactions are supervised, especially initially. They thrive best in canine company where the other dogs are respectful and well-mannered, and where the Pekehund has been taught appropriate social cues from a young age. Without this careful management, they might lean more towards a 4 or 5, but with diligent effort, they can certainly reach a 7 or 8. The 6 represents this moderate likelihood of general compatibility with the caveat of needing good socialization and mindful introductions.

I would rate the Pekehund's "Energetic" trait as a 4 out of 10.The Pekehund, a mix of the Dachshund and Pekingese, generally inherits a moderate to low energy level. Dachshunds, while known for their hunting drive, are not typically marathon runners and are often content with daily walks and indoor play. Pekingese, on the other hand, are distinctly low-energy and prefer a more sedentary lifestyle. The Pekehund is likely to fall somewhere in between, making them more laid-back compared to many other companion dogs. They will enjoy daily walks and playtime, but aren't typically a breed that needs extensive, high-intensity exercise to be content. Their brachycephalic (short-nosed) anatomy, inherited from the Pekingese, is a significant factor in limiting their stamina and exercise tolerance. Dogs with brachycephalic syndrome can struggle with breathing, especially in warm weather or during strenuous activity, making them prone to overheating and respiratory distress. This effectively caps their ability to participate in prolonged or intense outdoor or athletic activities, placing a natural limit on their energetic output and need for extreme physical stimulation. While they can be playful, their endurance will be limited, and they'll be more inclined towards short bursts of activity rather than sustained effort.

I would rate the Pekehund's training requirements a 6 out of 10.This rating reflects a breed that is generally intelligent and eager to please, inheriting some trainability from both parents, but also carries a significant potential for stubbornness and a shorter attention span, particularly from the Pekingese side. While they are responsive to positive reinforcement and can learn quickly, their Dachshund lineage might contribute to a independent streak, and the Pekingese's "royal" attitude can make them feel like they know better than you. Consistency is absolutely crucial; any laxity will be exploited. They are not entirely beginner-friendly, but a dedicated and patient first-time owner who commits to structured routines and understands the importance of early socialization can succeed. Experienced handlers will find them more manageable but still need to be firm, fair, and engaging to keep their interest and overcome any bouts of stubbornness.

Rating the "Playful" trait of the Pekehund at a 7.The Pekehund inherits a delightful mix from its parent breeds. From the Dachshund, it gets a spark of that determined, sometimes boisterous energy and a love for exploring and chasing. The Pekingese, while often more reserved, still possesses a charming playfulness, especially with its chosen people, and can be surprisingly mischievous. This combination results in a dog that is generally quite spirited and enjoys interactive play. They are usually keen on games, especially those involving toys, and will often seek out attention and initiate playtime with their owners. While not as relentlessly energetic as some terrier breeds, they are far from being inactive. Their playfulness tends to manifest as enthusiastic bursts of activity, followed by periods of cuddly relaxation. They appreciate a good romp in the yard or a session with a squeaky toy, and their compact size makes them adaptable to various living situations without needing constant, intense exercise. Compared to more high-drive breeds, they are somewhat laid-back in their play demands, but compared to the most sedentary companion dogs, they are definitely naturally spirited and enjoy engaging with their world.

I would rate the Pekehund's "Affectionate" trait a 9 out of 10.Both parent breeds, the Dachshund and the Pekingese, are known for their strong bonds with their families, albeit with slightly different expressions. The Pekehund typically inherits a significant desire for human companionship and thrives on affection. They are often described as "velcro dogs" due to their tendency to follow their owners from room to room, preferring to be in close proximity. Physical closeness is usually highly desired; expect a Pekehund to be a dedicated lap dog and cuddle buddy, eager to burrow into blankets or snuggle up against you on the sofa. Their loyalty is unwavering, and they are generally quite sensitive to their owner's moods, offering comfort or mirroring the emotional tone of the household. While they may retain a touch of the Pekingese's independent streak when it comes to being overly demonstrative with strangers, with their family, they are exceptionally loving and people-oriented, genuinely craving and reciprocating affection.

I'd rate the "Good with Other Pets" trait of the Pekehund a 6 out of 10.The Pekehund's parent breeds present a mixed bag, which translates to a moderate and somewhat variable outcome for this trait. The Dachshund side introduces a potentially higher prey drive and a more independent, sometimes assertive nature. This can manifest as chasing smaller pets like cats or showing less immediate friendliness towards other dogs, especially those they perceive as rivals for attention or resources. Resource guarding, while not universal, can be a concern from the Dachshund lineage, requiring careful management, especially around food or toys.On the other hand, the Pekingese, while capable of being quite opinionated, can also be quite tolerant and affectionate with their own "pack" once established. They aren't typically known for a strong prey drive.Therefore, a Pekehund is unlikely to be inherently aggressive, but it's also not guaranteed to be effortlessly pet-friendly. Early and consistent socialization from puppyhood is crucial to help them develop good manners around other animals. With proper training, supervision, and clear boundaries, a Pekehund can certainly coexist peacefully in a multi-pet household. They will likely thrive best when introduced to other pets at a young age and when their owners are proactive in managing potential resource guarding and prey drive tendencies, rather than expecting a naturally sociable and adaptable disposition.

Rating the "Good with Children" trait of the Pekehund (Dachshund × Pekingese) is a 5 out of 10.The Pekehund's suitability with children is quite mixed, pulling from two distinct temperaments. The Dachshund parent often brings a playful, energetic, and sometimes stubborn nature. They can be good with older, respectful children who understand how to interact with a smaller, potentially sensitive dog. However, their long backs make them vulnerable to injury from rough handling, and they can have a low tolerance for being poked or prodded. The Pekingese parent, on the other hand, is known for being independent, regal, and sometimes quite aloof. While affectionate with their chosen people, they are generally not overly playful or tolerant of boisterous children. They prefer a calm environment and can be prone to snapping if feeling threatened or overwhelmed.Therefore, the Pekehund is unlikely to be naturally gentle and universally affectionate with all children. Their patience level for typical child behavior like loud noises, sudden movements, or enthusiastic (if clumsy) petting can be quite low, particularly inheriting the Pekingese's less tolerant disposition. They are generally not playful in the way many families with young children might expect. While they can bond well with older, considerate children who understand how to respect a dog's boundaries and handle them gently, they would require significant training and constant supervision to thrive in a family setting with very young or rambunctious children. They are not a breed that can be left unsupervised with kids, and careful socialization from a young age is crucial, alongside teaching children appropriate interactions. Their small size also makes them susceptible to accidental injury from rough play.

The Pekehund, a charming mix of Dachshund and Pekingese, would likely rate a 6 for "Good with Strangers." While not typically aggressive or overtly hostile, their natural inclination leans towards caution and a degree of reservedness rather than immediate effusive greetings. The Dachshund influence often brings a certain alertness and protective instinct, making them prone to barking at unfamiliar sounds or sights, including new visitors. The Pekingese side can contribute to a dignified and sometimes aloof demeanor, preferring to observe before engaging. They are not naturally outgoing and will benefit significantly from early and consistent socialization to be comfortable with strangers. Without this, they might display shyness, keep their distance, or use barking as a warning. With proper training and positive experiences, they can become politely accepting and even enjoy gentle attention from new people, but they are unlikely to be the type to jump into the lap of every guest. Their adaptability in public or guest-filled environments depends heavily on their individual temperament and the effort put into their early socialization; some may remain vigilant, while others, with a solid foundation, can relax and enjoy the company.

I would rate the Pekehund's winter tolerance as a 3.The Pekehund inherits characteristics from both the Dachshund and the Pekingese, neither of which are renowned for their cold-weather resilience. The Dachshund, with its short legs and relatively thin coat (especially the smooth-haired variety), is prone to getting chilled quickly, particularly its underbelly. The Pekingese, while possessing a longer, thicker coat, is severely hampered by its brachycephalic (flat-faced) anatomy. This makes them highly susceptible to respiratory issues in cold, dry air, and they struggle to regulate their body temperature effectively, making them more prone to hypothermia even with a decent coat.A Pekehund is likely to have a mix of these traits. While some might inherit a thicker coat, their relatively small size means they lose heat quickly. The potential for brachycephalic traits means breathing difficulties in cold air are a significant concern, limiting their ability to exercise safely outdoors. Their short stature, inherited from both parents, means their bodies are closer to the cold ground, increasing heat loss. Therefore, a Pekehund would definitely require special care during winter months compared to many other companion dogs, including warm clothing (sweaters/coats), shorter outdoor excursions, and vigilant monitoring for signs of discomfort or respiratory distress. They are far more suited to indoor living in colder climates and should not be expected to thrive or even safely enjoy extended outdoor activity in low temperatures.

The Pekehund breed, being a mix of Dachshund and Pekingese, would likely have a summer tolerance rating of 3. Both parent breeds contribute to a lower heat tolerance, though for slightly different reasons. The most significant factor is the Pekingese's brachycephalic (short-nosed) anatomy. This characteristic severely compromises a dog's ability to pant effectively, which is their primary method of cooling down. Even if the Pekehund inherits a slightly longer snout from the Dachshund side, the risk of respiratory distress and overheating remains high. Additionally, the Pekingese often has a thick double coat, which further insulates them and makes heat dissipation difficult. While the Dachshund is not brachycephalic, some lines can be prone to obesity, which also exacerbates heat sensitivity.Therefore, the Pekehund is highly susceptible to heatstroke and requires significant special care during summer months compared to other companion dogs. They should avoid strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day, their outdoor time should be limited to early mornings or late evenings, and they absolutely require access to air conditioning or other forms of climate control when temperatures rise. Even moderate exertion in warm weather can be dangerous, and owners must be vigilant for any signs of overheating.

I would rate the Pekehund's "Healthiness" trait as a 4.While hybrid vigor can sometimes mitigate some issues present in the parent breeds, the Pekehund still inherits a significant combination of health predispositions from both the Dachshund and the Pekingese, making it lean towards being a moderately high-maintenance breed in terms of health.From the Dachshund side, Pekehunds can be prone to intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) due to their elongated backs, a serious condition often requiring surgery and intensive care. Other potential issues include patellar luxation, epilepsy, and various eye conditions.From the Pekingese side, Pekehunds commonly inherit brachycephalic (short-nosed) characteristics, which can lead to brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), causing breathing difficulties, snoring, and heat intolerance. They may also be predisposed to eye problems (like entropion, cataracts, and progressive retinal atrophy), skin fold dermatitis, and luxating patella.The combination of these traits means a Pekehund is at a higher risk for both spinal issues and respiratory problems, as well as joint and eye conditions. Their life expectancy is generally in the 10-14 year range, but quality of life can be significantly impacted by these health challenges. Responsible breeding practices, focusing on parent health screening and selecting against extreme physical traits, can help reduce some risks, but the fundamental genetic predispositions remain. They are generally not considered a robust breed compared to many other companion dogs and often require vigilant preventive care, including weight management to protect their spines and careful monitoring in warm weather to prevent overheating.

I'd rate the Pekehund's "Protective" trait at a 6 out of 10.The Pekehund inherits a mixed bag of protective instincts from its parent breeds. The Dachshund side brings a notable alertness and a surprisingly loud, assertive bark for its size, making them excellent watchdogs who will readily alert their owners to anything unusual. They can be quite territorial, especially regarding their home and family. The Pekingese, while appearing less outwardly "tough," also possesses a brave and somewhat aloof nature, and will certainly stand their ground and vocalize when they perceive a threat to their loved ones. Both breeds are fiercely loyal to their owners.However, a Pekehund is more of a companion dog than a true guard dog. While they will be highly vigilant and vocal, their small stature and lack of aggressive bite power mean they are unlikely to deter a determined intruder through physical force. They are more likely to create a significant noise disturbance and potentially nip defensively, but they aren't built for meaningful physical protection. Their reaction to strangers will vary; some may be friendly after an initial bark, while others will remain suspicious and vocal. They excel at their role as an alarm system, making them capable of offering a form of protection by alerting the household, but not by actively engaging or defending against a serious threat.

Rating: 7/10The Pekehund's "Life Span" trait is rated a 7, indicating a generally long-lived breed compared to many other companion dogs. This hybrid typically benefits from the genetic diversity of its parent breeds, often experiencing fewer health issues than purebreds. Both the Dachshund and Pekingese have respectable lifespans, averaging 12-15 years and 12-14 years respectively. Therefore, a Pekehund can reasonably be expected to live for 12-15 years, with many exceeding that if provided with excellent care. While they can inherit some predispositions from their parent breeds, such as back problems from the Dachshund or respiratory issues from the Pekingese (especially if they inherit a very brachycephalic snout), responsible breeding practices that focus on health screening and avoiding extremes in physical traits significantly mitigate these risks. With proper nutrition, regular exercise, routine veterinary care, and a loving environment, Pekehunds are considered a long-lived breed.